Introduction . In the midst of fast evolution of artificical intelligence (AI) and internet of things (IoT), micro-/nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) including electronics and sensors play a crucial role in portable and wearable devices1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8. The miniaturization of such devices can only be possible by realizing independent energy-storage systems that are not only fulfilling the energy requirement but are also small and could be integrat...